Goal of the industrial waste water treatment
• Protection of the receiving waters (surface water, groundwater)
• Pre-Treatment before indirect discharge
• Recycling of the waste water flow
• Recycling of valuables from the wastewater e.g. raw material, nutrients, metals
• Usage of the energy contented in the water e.g. using resiudes from the treatment or the complete waste water
Particles
e.g. sand, stones, screws, bones, feathers
Organic compounds
biodegradable, non-biogedradable, measured in the sum as COD or BOD5
Nutrients
nitrogen, phosphorous
Hazardous components
cyanide, arsen, phenol, chrome, mercury, organic compounds like aromatic hydrocarbones etc. – many thousands of parameters
- The industrialproduction wastewaterwill be discharged directlyinto a receivingwater body
- Significant dependency from the type of production (changesin production, seasonalimpacts)
- Evtl. unilateral composed wastewater (evtl. dosageof nutrientsrequired)
- The sensitivityof the receivingwater may have significantimpact to the requirements
- Pollution charges for the usage of the water body might be applied
- The industrialwastewater will be discharged to the public sewer (if required after a pre-treatment)
- Mixing with the municipal, commercial and other industrial wastewaterstreams
- The treatment costs for the industrial waste water in the sewerage network and in the treatment plant have to be considered
- The characteristicof the sewerage system has to be considered
Cadaster of indirect dischargers
with basic information and all measurements
Waste water sampling and analysing
standard sampling/ additional sampling
– cost distributionto be agreed
Sewer biofilm control
in case of toxic parameters or sludge pollutionproblems: Taking samples along the sewerage network
Reason: Mercury contentofcosmetic, usedin onesinglehousehold….
Mercury content in cosmetics: 27 % in a creme 36 % in a powder
- For the usage of the sewerage network and the waste water treatment plant (Indirect discharge)
- For the pollution of water bodies (Direct discharge)
- For the usage of the sewerage network and the waste water treatment plant (Indirect discharge)
- The indirectdischarged waste water should not make operation problems (temperature, pH, Sulphur, grease etc.)
- Components which are treatedin the waste water treatment plant have to be evaluated regarding their impact on the invest and operation costs
- The structure of this charging might result in an economic advantage of a pre-treatment
- Invest and running costs
- Not to forget the sludge treatment costs
- Costs for combined treatment/ indirect discharge
– evaluation according to usage of the facilities
– relevant Parameter
- Industrial waste water might be more or less expensive like municipal waste water
Example for a cost distribution to the different components
Completerunningcostsconsideringfinancingand operationfor 9 citiesin Germany
- Was in Germany installed 1976 and is still in operation
- Water pollution through feeding waste water after treatment to rivers will be charged
- Water pollution above the legal requirements will be hardly charged
- The money collected by this Charges Act will be used only for water pollution reduction measurers
- Invest in reduction of water pollution (> 20 % under the level of the legal requirements) will be financed by that money
- The basis for the calculation is: −
- Volume of wastewater per year
- Declared discharge values (concentrations) or
Results of the official monitoring (if the concentrations are higher then the allowed requirements)
- Per pollution unit the payment has to be done (if the value is above a threshold concentration or load)
- The costs for the pollution units are
– around 6 € in 1976
– around 36 € in 2020
- The Water charges budgets are managed by the Supreme Water Authorities
- Guidance role
− Contributes to the reduction of pollutant input into water bodies.
- Incentive role
− Encourage investments in the field of wastewater treatment
− Introduce economic incentives, improve the level of performance of WWTP’s and storm water treatment systems
- Collection of specific waste water in separate networks or in one area
- Specific treatment technology can be applied to that specific waste water
- Collection of several industriesin Industrial parks
- Pre-treatment requirements have to be adjusted (e.g. not to collectonlyunbiodegradablewastewater)
- Treatment of organic residues to be considered
- At the companies site
- On the municipal waste water treatment plant
- Separate location
- Own staff of the company
- Experienced staff from the municipal waste water treatment plant
- Operation through a separate partner
- Waste water treatment = production of sludge
- Sludge fractions might be reused (e.g. flotate in paper factories)
- Sludge residues from biogas plants – What to do? (in Germany 7,500 biogasplants)
- Thermal hydrolysis as conditioning before digestion (to improve the performance and to replace chemicals)
- Through waste water charges a significant leverage effect to reduce the water pollution can be reached
- The polluter-pays-principle should be applied for indirect discharge …
- … by using the relevant parameters Q, COD/BOD5, SS, N, P
